The Impeachment of President Bill Clinton

The Impeachment of President Bill Clinton Bill Clinton was the 42nd President of The United States of America. He was known for his 1993 Economic Plan, which cut taxes on 15 million low-income families and made tax cuts available to 90 percent of small businesses, while raising taxes on just 1. 2 percent of the wealthiest taxpayers. On the contrary, he also was known for his scandal with Monica Lewinsky. One may ask themselves, was the impeachment of President Bill Clinton completely necessary from the cause of action of the Lewinsky Scandal? Having an affair with a 22 year old un-paid intern is unprofessional and crude.Not only was this immoral, but also when in trial for the scandal, President Clinton denied having sexual relations with Lewinsky. He was now committing acts of perjury. Clinton also influenced witnesses of his trail to vogue for him in front of the court of law. Though Lewinsky could have been lying about being touched by President Clinton, there is a lot of hard evi dence supporting otherwise. The acts that President Bill Clinton bestowed upon Monica Lewinsky were immoral. Monica Lewinsky was hired to work was an intern at the White House during Clinton's first term.During this time she had allegory formed a relationship with him, which was later proved true after a 21-day senate trail. In 1991 Paula Corbin Jones, a former Arkansas state worker claimed President Clinton had confronted her sexually when he was serving as governor of Arkansas. She later filed a sexual harassment lawsuit on the president; which was followed by a federal court hearing. In President Clinton’s testimony, he denied having any type of affair with Lewinsky. Lewinsky also denied to having such a relationship. President Clinton and Lewinsky both claimed to be strictly co-workers and nothing more.Kenneth Starr came forward with compelling information regarding the Lewinsky Scandal. Starr had telephone conversations recorded by Linda Tripp, in which Lewinsky describe d her association with the president. Hillary Clinton claimed that a â€Å"vast right-wing conspiracy† was trying to put an end to her husband, while Republicans and conservatives described him as immoral and a liar. As a President of The United States of America one is expected to be professional and honest. The actions that President Clinton commits not appropriate, though, people are simply human, when in position of power here is a time when situations like this are completely and utterly unacceptable.Impeachment was in order to prevent President Clinton from continuing on his presidency after being guilty of adultery and perjury. President Clinton was under oath when he denied having sexual relations with Lewinsky. Clinton was acquitted by the Senate on February 12, 1999. Clinton denied telling his aides actual lies about the nature of his relationship with Lewinsky, even though secretaries reported that he told them that he did not have sex in any form specifically incl uding oral sex with Lewinsky. Article I states that Clinton lied to the grand jury about ‘his corrupt efforts to influence the testimony of witnesses’† (An Analysis 1) Clinton's secretaries, who had no reason to lie about it, reported that he denied having sexual relations with Lewinsky. He lied and hoped that these men would repeat these lies, as well as their attacks on the honor of OIC. Clinton had committed two acts of perjury. The first was Perjury #1A: Undefined Sex. Paula Jones' lawyers asked whether Clinton had had a â€Å"sexual affair† with Lewinsky. He answered no.His lawyers argue that Clinton believes â€Å"sexual affair† means â€Å"sexual intercourse. † However, to its true definition it is. So, Clinton’s testimony was a lie. The second act was Perjury #1B: Defined Sex. Paula Jones' lawyers handed Clinton a now famous definition of â€Å"sexual relations† â€Å"contact with the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inne r thigh, or buttocks of a person with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person† and asked whether he'd had these sorts of relations with Lewinsky. Clinton answered no. Kenneth Starr asked Clinton the same question before a grand jury, and again Clinton answered no.Clinton's lawyers point out that â€Å"this narrow definition did not include certain physical acts. † This, of course, is an indirect way of saying that it doesn't include oral sex. What about Lewinsky's claim that Clinton touched her breasts? Clinton's lawyers admit that if Lewinsky is correct then Clinton perjured himself. The day after Clinton's deposition in the Jones Case, he discussed his relationship with Lewinsky to his personal secretary, Betty Currie. According to Currie's testimony, Clinton said, among other things, â€Å"We ere never really alone,† â€Å"You could see and hear everything,† â€Å"Monica came on to me and I never touched her, right? † and â₠¬Å"She wanted to have sex with me and I can't do that. † These statements could easily be seen as an attempt to make sure any future testimony by Currie squared with Clinton's. In Clinton’s testimony in the Jones case, Clinton made several references to Currie as Lewinsky’s close friend, almost alluring the lawyers for Jones to depose her. This suggests that in his conversation with Currie the next day he was focused on preparing her to testify falsely, should she be added to the deposition list in the Jones case.It is also possible that Clinton had a second conversation along the lines of his first after he learned that the OIC was investigating his possible perjury in his Jones deposition. Betty Currie visited Lewinsky's home and collected gifts given to her by the President, which she then stored under her bed in her own home. It seems likely that Currie would not have taken this action without Clinton asking her to do so. If he did, it would be an attempt to avoid having the gifts obtained by the OIC through an order it could be seen as an attempt to hide evidence.

Ethics Essay Primark Essay

This essay shall look at the cost to human life and lifestyle through the demand of low cost clothing in the UK. This will be undertaken specifically looking at Primark and the Rana Plaza factory collapse in Bangladesh, observed as modern day slavery, having a â€Å"race to the bottom† characteristics, occurring as a consequence of globalisation. This essay will analyse differing ethical approaches including Virtue, Kantian and Utilitarian ethics. An overview of the findings will be given, using the Rana Plaza Factory in Bangladesh as a case study, along with an analysis of Primark’s supply chain. Bangaldesh has for many years has been used for outsourcing, attractive to western clothing companies supply chains due to low costs. Bangladeshi’s economy is almost entirely reliant upon these export sales (80%) in the cloth trade (Jacob, 2012). Given this, it is clear that the Rana Plaza disaster (2013) killing more than 1000 workers did not have only a local effect, but a global one, with it raising many questions. It has been attested that those who died, did so as a consequence of poor operations management. The disaster further served to highlight that conditions of many factories were poor and often illegal. Large fashion brands including Primark, were seemingly happy to ignore such factors, to continue to gain profit, observed by the lack of procedures in place to ensure that standards of health and safety were met. This alongside the knowledge that child labour was often used, has led to many questions regarding irresponsibility of western companies. Despite the cost of life in one of the major disasters (the Rana Plaza collapse) of the fashion industry, Primark has made huge profits (44 % higher than in 2012) highlighting that cost rather than ethics is at the forefront of the stakeholders. The race to the bottom characteristics1 of Bangladesh have facilitated giant western companies, cheaper labour and goods. Furthermore the lack of enforcement of the limited laws and regulations, along with the Bangladesh’s class system, to some extent has allowed large companies to exploit these loopholes, given that Bangladesh’s economy is dependent on the textile industry, worth one billion dollars in 1985 and now estimated to be worth over 20 billion dollars (Young, 2013). What has been debated is whether or companies such as Primark are ensuring, and not just assuming, that all in their supply change are acting ethically. The focus of this  study will be on Primark. Fast Fashion â€Å"That bastion of fast fashion, scorned and idolised by the British public – indeed, all of Europe† (Joy, et al., 2012). Fast fashion may be described as inexpensive clothing which mimics catwalk fashion trends, lasting only the trend, thus part of the throwaway culture leading to unsustainability. This is supported by Joy et al. (2012) who express that fashion trends run their course, with today’s styles outdoing yesterdays, with yesterday’s having already been relegated as trash (Joy, et al., 2012), this is Primark’s main business model offering competitive advantage and success. For example, fast fashion results in consumers having at least 30% of unworn clothing (worth  £30 million) with approximately  £140 million of used clothing going to landfill annually (WRAP, 2014). Changing trends have shown that in the 1900s, 15 % was spent on clothing in comparison to 2.8 % (2010), although a greater number of items were purchased with the onset of time, indicating that the majority of purchases were low-cost items. Packard (REF) refers to â€Å"consumerism† in negative way, highlighting the role of advertising in the creation of â€Å"consumption for consumption’s sake â€Å", which leads to mindless consumerism, whereby individuals are â€Å"more wasteful, imprudent, and carefree† in their habits. As a consequence natural resources are utilised unnecessarily at an alarming rate. Therefore indicating that all stakeholders of Primark, including consumers are participants of â€Å"mindless consumerism†. Stakeholder theory Initially, Milton Friedman’s stakeholder theory will be utilised, Friedman is known for his famous quote of â€Å"business of business is business†. He claims that there is one, and only one social responsibility of business, to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits, so long as it stays within the rules of the game, therefore â€Å"engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.† REF he furthers this by expressing what does it mean to say that â€Å"business† has responsibilities?, only people have responsibilities. As articulated by Friedman (1970), a corporation is an artificial person and in this sense may have artificial  responsibilities, but â€Å"business† as a whole cannot be said to have responsibilities, even in this vague sense’ .Milton. Ref â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.† New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970. Identifying that Milton Friedman thinks that businesses should only look at the shareholders in the organisation, their priorities and needs. For instance, as with Primark low prices, to maximise profits for shareholders. Freeman Alternatively, Freeman contradicts Friedman’s theory through the stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984). Freeman states that business will only maximize profit over the long-term, if it takes into account its social responsibilities Businesses that are seen to ignore the interests of the wider community and to fail to protect society’s welfare will pay in terms of damage to image and reputation. Although it is evident that Freeman’s theory did not hold, as despite the Rana Plaza disaster, and associated unethical practices, Primark has continued to be successful. As Freedman states Primark should not only look at their shareholders interest but should also proactively engage with stakeholders. Responsibilities of supply chains and due diligence Due diligence is the procedure by which companies monitor and review actions of a company, prior to signing a contract. Intrinsically this procedure is used to identify whether the â€Å"business partner† is working to a standard which complies with that required by the investor (Brown et al). Therefore identifying if a company is adhering to its own code of ethics, as they would have prior knowledge of the proposed outsourcer and their standards, allowing them to make an informed choice. This is undertaken by â€Å"best practice† of due diligence, in doing this Primark could obtain information that could be critically evaluated to ensure that their business partners in the supply chain are acting responsibly. Highlighting a lack of due diligence by Primark, in place at the time of the Rana Plaza disaster. Supply chain With the onset of globalisation, many difficulties as well as advantages have  arisen. One of the main difficulties associated with globalisation is the lack of visibility and transparency of the supply chain, which may lead to risk, as highlighted by the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (CIPS) who disclosed that within at least 11 % of UK business, it was highly probable that â€Å"modern slavery† exists within the supply chain. As emphasised by the Rana Plaza collapse, the problems of lack of visibility are inherent, due to extensive supply chains, with many of the associated problems as a consequence undisclosed to buyers. Researched by the CIPS states, ~72% of British supply chain professionals have no visibility of their supply chains beyond the second level with only 11% having complete visibility of the chain (Noble, 2014). It is not understood whether Primark was fully aware of the problems at the Rana Plaza factory, although they could still be considered at fault, due to ineffective checks and monitoring of subcontractors, highlighted by Panorama (date). Alternatively it could be assumed that Primark was indeed aware and was willing to take the risk, for profitability, at what cost? Irresponsible behaviour analysis Fast fashion underpins the entire fashion merchandising industry. Children and adults are used to produce such fashion items, primarily in underdeveloped countries including Bangladesh. These individuals work in very poor, and often dangerous conditions, earning very small amounts of money. In working, the young children are unable to access education. The workers have limited rights and are general thankful to be able to earn any amount of money whatsoever. Western society often views such circumstances as being exploitative and unethical. There are several theories of ethics which have differing viewpoints. These include a Utilitarian, Kantian and Virtue ethics. Utilitarian ethics relate to benefiting the majority of society, focussing not upon individuals but a collective whole. Many businesses utilise this approach as a basis to provide guidelines for ethical decision making for the greater good. The outcome is that the majority of stakeholders benefit. Utilitarianism looks to fi t well into a company’s business strategy, connecting ethical responsibility with business and society, in their focus of striving and justifying their approach as being for the greater good for the majority Gustafson, 2013).. Therefore  from a consequential (Utalitarian approach) perspective, whereby an act is deemed to be right or wrong, is judged using two principles. Initially determining the outcome, with the proviso that the greatest good for the greatest number of individuals is attained, limiting harm and maximising overall good (Hartman & DesJardins, 2011). Therefore from a consequentialist viewpoint Primark did not appropriately undertake a cost versus benefit analysis, by not accounting for their lenient attitude in respect of their suppliers. Knowledge of poor working and safety conditions were widely known prior to the collapse of the Rana Plaza (BBC News, 2013), indicating that Primark had no regard with respect to risk factors, that could be caused by the absence of due diligence. Therefore, Primark did not act ethically, from a consequentialist viewpoint, exploiting workers for financial gain and simultaneously failing to achieve â€Å"the greatest good† for the â€Å"greatest num bers†. However, if the example of workers at the Rana Plaza factory is considered, working on behalf of Primark, it may be seen that these stakeholders suffered at the hands of a Utilitarian approach. This is due to the main driver of Primark’s business being profitability, along with a demand for cheap clothing by UK consumers, therefore the greater good does not incorporate the workers in the factories, paid low wages to keep production costs down. Despite this, it may be argued that without work, those effectively excluded from Utilitarian ethics would be left in an even more difficult position, having no finances whatsoever. Since Capitalist societies in general dominate the fast fashion market, the actions of these corporations must be evaluated and the significance of their impact considered. Given that such corporations are driven primarily by profit, many may suggest that the lack of provision of education and improved living and working conditions, is indicative of the fact that company’s do not consider if their actions are moral or not. Instead they do what they want, without thought of the negative impacts, to drive their goal, in Primark’s case the provision of cheap fashionable clothing. This is a clear demonstration of a company taking a Utilitarian approach, marginalising the minority whilst providing for the majority. However, from a deontological viewpoint, whereby dutiful obligation plays the greatest role, in which regardless of consequence all individuals are expected to do â€Å"the right thing† , with these actions deemed to be ethical, only if they have the  possibility to become general law (Fisher et al., 2013). In order to be a part of society, there are accepted social norms and laws that individuals must follow (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2014). Primark (supposedly) partakes in the following of societal norms, clearly stated within their ethical guidelines (2011), where they explicitly state amongst other norms, that Primark will not tolerate either unsafe or unhygienic working environments? Despite the inclusion of these norms within their guidelines, their failure to adhere to them is clearly visible. Despite Primark’s duty to do the â€Å"right thing†, they did not, from a deontological ethics viewpoint. Had Primark acted ethically in a deontological way, consideration of workers well-being, happiness and other rights would have been considered. Likewise Kantian ethics (1785), have the expectation that individuals are able to distinguish right from wrong, based on an individual’s beliefs and moral, not via legal laws. It is clear that no individual would consider working 19 hour shifts for very low wages an acceptable scenario, and allowing individuals to do so in the factories of Bangladesh, brings into question Primark’s ethical judgement, or lack of, based on Kantian ethics. However Kantian ethics is seen as opposing Utilitarianism, its core values emphasise treating employees as individuals, having equal value. Furthering this, Kantian ethics incorporates within its ethos that employees should not be treated ‘as a means to an end’ (Driver, 2006) and that each should have individual rights, whilst not being viewed only as a source of labour (Smith and Dubbink, 2011). The Kantian approach involves the decision-maker being detached from personal motives when making a judgement (Smith and Dubbink, 2011). In this approach, no external factors are considered. However, due to the personal emphasis on profit in the current climate, companies are unable to detach themselves from the personal motive of profit and cannot adhere to Kantian ethics (Driver, 2006). Virtue ethics focus on personal characteristics and whether or not they acted in a virtuous manner when making a decision (Driver, 2006). â€Å"Justice and generosity† are often agreed to be such traits that are employed to pursue good practice (Audi, 2012). Paralleling this to a company, a company would be deemed virtuous, and therefore acting ethically, if their intention was  to achieve a caring environment and general positivity of employees, rather than maximising profits alone. Once again, Primark based on virtue ethics is not observed, acted with no regard to safety or well-being. Recent initiatives to improve due diligence in the supply chain have been undertaken as a consequence of the Rana Plaza disaster, however consequential actions do not follow the rules of virtue ethics, actions must be commonly practiced. Evaluation of ethical theories and Primark Adam Smith states that â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest†. (1776, Wealth of Nations PAGE NUMBER). He attests that in engaging in self-interest that individuals also bring about greater good for the society as a whole. Smith furthers this in expressing that should an invisible hand be guiding the economy, then competitive producers would produce goods required at the lowest cost, leading to a self-regulatory economy, a free market. There are limited regulations with regards to Health and Safety in particular, in Bangladesh in comparison to the UK. Had Health and Safety been at the level of UK standards, with workers not having been used as a means to an end, as described by Kant, it is unlikely that the Rana Plaza tragedy would have occurred. However, in respect of a Utilitarian approach and cost-base analysis, without cheap labour, working in poor conditions, the outcome would not have been as required and consumers would not obtain cheap fast fashion goods, nor would shareholders resultantly be rewarded as expected. In this respect as the greater good is generally attained, individuals in Bangaldesh have employment, shareholders have profits and consumers have the latest cheap fast fashion. Therefore it may be criticised that no moral/ethical behaviour is taken into consideration within Smith’s theory (Mill, n.d.). Based on Kant’s theory it may be argued that the above scenario is in fact unethical, as the workers’ rights are not taken into consideration and that they are viewed only as a means to an end (Bowie, 2002), prioritising productivity and therefore profits, whilst viewing the employee only as a form of labour. When comparing a Kantian viewpoint to that of an Utalitarian perspective, then the Kantian standpoint does not consider a situation to be unethical even if it is for the greater  good, as in the case of an Utalitarian approach. Furthermore any gains made by a company that are achieved through any activity which does not take an employee’s rights into consideration is regarded as unethical (Bowie, 2002). However, for some consumers ethical responsibility of a company may influence whether they purchase a product, which may af fect profitability and could also affect brand and brand image. Damage to a brand is often irreversible. However, in the case of Primark after the factory collapse, due to unsafe and unethical practices; for example workers were locked in, unable to escape, luckily this potentially disastrous impact on brand image, had in reality little impact. Initially there was uproar and disgust expressed by western society, although this negative and damaging event slowly faded from the press and media, and rapidly from the minds of the consumer. Therefore highlighting that western consumers, although horrified and shocked about the conditions, seem not to care and have no moral stance and may be described as egoethical. Egoethical characteristics include self-interest without consideration of the consequences of the demand for cheap goods. Given the recent increase in interest regarding business ethics, it may be deemed that having an â€Å"ethical† business can lead to competitive advantage, attracting business from â€Å"ethical† consumers. Although in reality this may be a tool, used solely for the purpose of increasing profits rather than benefiting employees (Schwartz, 2011). The power of business in today’s society along with the time individuals spend in employment, necessitates the need for an ethical environment ( Mishra & Crampton, 1998) . Primark’s response and actions to improve ethics Balch (2013) expresses that companies are ethically responsible to deal with problems when and wherever they are highlighted. Ruggies (2010) framework in respect of human rights and business advocates that if a ‘problem’ arises within the supply chain, the inclusion of this part of the supply chain must be considered in respect of a company’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to define whether inclusion is crucial. Should it be considered crucial, the company must seek to safeguard that ethical practices are improved, if not critical, an alternative should be sought. Primark based on a consequentialist perspective as mentioned earlier, plays a large role in  Bangladesh’s economy, by the employment of many workers as part of its supply chain, with this it may be argued that Primark is supporting a reduction in poverty rates. Additionally as described by Primark’s Ethical Trading (2013), 85% of its Bangladeshi workforce are female, offering oppor tunity and developing their independence. Consequently it may be argued that if Primark removed its outsourcing from Bangladesh elsewhere, this would be extremely detrimental, and would add to the high numbers already living below the national poverty line , 49.8 % in 2002 (ILO, 2009), highlighting that despite many ethical reservations Primark impacts the country and the people of Bangladesh in a positive way. From a deontological perspective, almost immediately after then Rana Plaza disaster Primark was seen to be improving, observed by Primark’s assessment of structural integrity of the factories and also via their joining the Accord on Fire and Building Safety (Bangladesh Accord, 2013). Furthermore Primark later terminated contracts with factories that were investigated and were considered at risk of collapse. Primark attests that there is due diligence throughout its supply chain which is undertaken irrespective of consequence. From a virtuous perspective Primark immediately acknowledged its responsibility and responded instantaneously to the catastrophe of the Rana Plaza collapse (providing financial and food aid to victims and their relatives), in comparison to other major fashion chains also using the factory (Primark, 2013). Primark’s actions were virtuous, in that not only did they support â€Å"their† workers (and relatives), they supported those employed by other fashion chains within the Rana Plaza factory. Additionally it may be seen tthat Primark is working towards provision of improved well-being and education via projects such as their Health Enables Returns (HERproject) for female employees (Primark, 2011), enabling employees to have a better standard of living. Furthermore Primark is working towards suppliers increasing wages to give employees a â€Å"living wage† and to improve working conditions (Siegle, 2013). Conclusion Having evaluated and analysed Primark’s responsibilities and ethical considerations regarding their contribution to the Rana Plaza disaster, primarily based on a lack of due diligence in the supply chain, using a wide  variety of ethical theories, that presented a variety of perspectives. These have highlighted that Primark’s ethical standards were deficient and questionable, however subsequently Primark has identified its poor practice and is working towards sustainability, via a variety of ethical considerations, improving overall standards for its employees in the supply chain, demonstrating positive CSR. Although to what extent Primark may achieve and sustain these goals in the future, whilst still focussing on profitability may be uncertain.

Industry analysis of Manchester United Case Study

Industry analysis of Manchester United - Case Study Example Therefore, this industry has registered a growth in popularity, arising from the consumer demand for association with certain clubs, as well as the appetite for advertisers and media distribution entities to be associated with the most popular clubs (The Telegraph, n.p.). This has made the British football industry the biggest globally. The British football industry was developed in 1863, emanating from the need to bring the union of public school football and the football played by universities in Britain (Sport England, n.p.). Ever since, the industry has grown to unprecedented levels, emerging as the most famous football industry in the world, with a fan base that is spread globally. The official British football league was formally established in 1888, but the current Premier League was established in 1992, after the twenty big clubs deserted the football league to join EPL (Delloitte, 2). This breakthrough has made the clubs more competitive and profitable, thus accelerating the British football Industry to the current giant industry it is today in the world. The bubble burst that affected the world in early 2000s saw a major financial crisis face the industry, due to the inability of many clubs, but only in the football league, become unable to finance their spending. Nevertheless, the big twenty clubs in the Premier League were not spared the financial problems, but they have since made major financial recoveries over time. The sport industry has emerged as one of the top industries in England, owing to its contribution to the English economy, and is currently ranked among the top fifteen industries that contributed 2% of the total English economy according to the 2012 statistics, with the British football industry alone contributing  £2.3 billion (Sport England, n.p.). Currently, the British football industry has

Trying to be heard Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trying to be heard - Assignment Example Consequent to this, the patient’s illness worsened, leading to her death. In my opinion, Joanna’s actions were not sufficient. Given that she sensed that Mrs. Kelly was seriously ill, when she was on night duty, she should have taken additional steps to ensure the best interest of the patient in the morning. The structure of the organization posed an institutional constraint in this case. It required a doctor to examine the patient, before any serious care could be given to a patient. The nurse on duty, hence reported the case to the resident doctor, who declined to examine the patient. The nurse did not have the ability to examine the patient further, thus exposing the patient to great pain. Following the biomedical definition of health, medical practitioners tend to concentrate on attending to a patient who depicts the corresponding symptoms of an illness. Patients who do not display any vital signs tend to be ignored. Therefore, when the nurse examined the patient, and found the vital signs to be within the normal range, the resident doctor assumed that the patient did not require urgent medical attention. Therefore, Mrs. Kelly’s health was threatened by the hidden symptoms, which were not diagnosed in time (Denny & Guido, 2012, pp. 801-802). Following her assessment, Joanna realized that Mrs. Kelly was seriously ill. Consequently, she should have ensured that patient saw a doctor urgently in the morning for an assessment. Instead of following up on the critical case, she delegated the issue to another nurse, who may have taken time to act, as well, leading to the demise of Mrs. Kelly. Following this incident, Joanna should ensure to follow up on cases with a high probability of harm to the patient in future, to promote the principle of beneficence. To avoid the occurrence of such an incidence in the future, nurses should be encouraged to take a pain management course. This

Who is The Illuminati and are they running the world Research Paper

Who is The Illuminati and are they running the world - Research Paper Example It is alleged that the Illuminati is the principal motivational force behind the push for one-world religious ethic, global governance, as well as a centralized system of controlling the world’s economy. Organizations such as the IMF, the United Nations Organizations, the ICC, and the World Bank and viewed as appendages of the Illuminati. The Illuminati conspiracy explicates that Illuminati is the impetus behind all the efforts aimed at brainwashing the gullible masses through manipulation of beliefs and thought control using the educational curriculum, the press, and the political leadership of the countries. The Illuminati aims at controlling the world by creating a New World Order. This is a diabolical plan established by the financial elite with intentions of destroying the national sovereignty of the worlds’ governments through world conflict and blackmail. Their ultimate goal of doing this is to enslave mankind into a one world dictatorship government (Burkett 46). The New World Order agents have managed to take control of the financial system of the world. It pains to realize that the politicians that are elected by the common man are the ones who have let that to happen. They have done that by making it legal for private financial institutions to control the stock market, the money supply, and ultimately our destiny. Additionally, they have given the private financial institutions the power to control print money and the printing press, and this has enabled them enslave the people of the world by making them live in debts (Penre). The creation of debts slavery has made governments bankrupt or insolvent. Therefore, in order to keep their economies going, governments’ rely on credit from the New World Order. This enslaves governments since they are dependent of the New World Order. On the other hand, the New World Order makes use of this opportunity to control the destinies of these nations that depend on it.

Tartuffe Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Report of Collaboration Manager (interview) Essay

Report of Collaboration Manager (interview) - Essay Example Costco world headquarters are located in Washington and Korea home-office is located in Costco Yangpyung location. Costco in Korea also targets lower end customers by selling products at low prices, often at very high volume. Costco is experiencing rapid growth in its Asian business. Ever since Costco entered into Asian market, international outlets has experienced a sales growth of 7% in 2011 and Costco’s best performing store is in Korea. Costco does not provide multiple brands varieties where the item is essentially the same except when it has a house brand to sell, often under the Kirkland trademark label. Their distribution system focuses on a high volume of sales from single vendors, allowing further reductions in price and lower marketing costs. Through the collaborative manager interview report, more research and investigation was held on how Costco Korea implemented its business strategy in Korean market and successfully created the collaborative work environment in t heir distribution channel. In addition, the report focused on their collaborative strategy of how the company communicated with Costco buyers in order to meet local customer demands and requirements. In order to gain visibility into performance at Costco Korea, it was necessary to interview Korean branch of collaborative manager, Sung-Gu Ryu to gain his personal experience and perspectives on overall category of growth trends. Role of the CM in Helping the Organization Achieve Its Strategic Objectives Collaborative manager entails the working together of managers in an organization to achieve the goals and the objectives of the organization. Sung-Gu Ryu outlined the strategic objectives of Costco Corporation which gave directions to his role as the CM. To begin with, Costco Corporation operates on a best value and best price principle. This means that Sung-Gu Ryu has a role of developing and implementing quality assessment tools that aim at investigating the satisfaction of the cust omers with the quality of products being produced by Costco Corporation. Moreover, Sung-Gu Ryu has the role of ensuring that customers are satisfied with the price of commodities being offered compared to its competitors, in bid to offer the best price for its commodities. Acting ethically, is another strategic objective of Costco Corporation and Sung-Gu Ryu as the CM has a great role in ensuring that this strategic objective is achieved. Firstly, he ensures that the managers working in collaboration with him are managers of integrity and have a high moral standard. This ensures that their operations are morally and ethically upright as pertains to how they treat their customers, employees, suppliers and competitors. Moreover, it is the strategic objective of Costco Corporation to never lose sight of the reason why they are in operation. Sung-Gu Ryu being the CM has the duty of en-culturing the staff to this organization culture and ensuring that every employee knows the vision and mission of Costco Corporation. So as never to lose sight of this vision, it is embedded on products developed by the Corporation and Sung-Gu Ryu also comes up with slogans aiding in achievement of Costco Corporation’s strategic objectives. CMs background, Obstacles Faced, Process Used to Develop External Relationships and Achieve Significant Milestones Sung-Gu Ryu, is the manager who is bestowed with

The Failing Popularity of Jimmy Carter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Failing Popularity of Jimmy Carter - Essay Example Divisions in the Democratic Party arose over the direction of domestic policy and split party unity. A divisive Democratic primary between Carter and challenger Ted Kennedy (Dem, MA.) left the campaign in disarray. According to Hamilton Jordan, Carter's chief political advisor, the Democratic outlook was "...not enhanced or strengthened by the contest, but damaged severely" (qtd. in Biven). Yet, against this backdrop of failure and frustration, even darker clouds had gathered. By July 1980, Carter's approval rating had dropped to 21%, lower than Richard Nixon's at the time of his resignation. This dramatic drop was precipitated by two key events. America's runaway inflation and the Iran hostage ordeal had taken a heavy toll on America's confidence in the Carter presidency. There is an old political saying that says Americans vote with their pocketbooks. This was certainly true in the 1980 reelection bid of Jimmy Carter. Rampant inflation had severely reduced wage earners purchasing power throughout the Carter years. Carter opposed Gerald Ford in the presidential race of 1976 during one of our history's greatest economic slumps. During the campaign Carter had criticized Ford for his inability to deal with inflation and unemployment. When Carter was inaugurated in 1977, the country was beginning to show some signs of improvement. However, after four years of Carter's administration inflation had risen from 4.8% in 1976 to 12% at the time of the 1980 election (Huckshorn). Inflation, the public's measure of the economy, was rooted in Carter's inability to deal with major economic issues. Carter, had a long-term vision for energy policy, but was ineffective at dealing with America's immediate need for oil during his short term as President. OPEC's tight control of the oil market had boosted prices and in the period from 1978 to1979 oil prices nearly doubled (Williams). Not coincidentally the national deficit was also rising at record rates. America's debt resulted in further erosion of the dollar on the international market. These economic forces conspired to send inflation to a lofty 20% in January and February of 1980 (Biven). Though consumers probably suffered less than was conventionally believed, the overriding shadow of the double-digit inflation rate in the daily papers dashed any hope Carter had for reelection. While faced with growing domestic discontent, Carter was presented with what became the most overpowering and difficult problem of his presidency, the Iranian hostage crises. In November 1979, militant Iranian students took control of the American Embassy in Tehran and took American diplomats and others hostage while demanding the return of the previously overthrown Shah .The hostages were released in January 1981, after being held for 444 days, but the damage to Carter had already been done. The fate of the hostages and the ever-present news broadcasts magnified the inability of the Carter administration's incompetence in handling the crisis. A failed rescue attempt and general frustration added to the public's eroding approval of the President's performance. Carter's popularity continued downward as the election was held and Carter was handed defeat at the hands of Ronald Reagan. Carter's administration was working behind the scenes to free the hostages,

Interview Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interview - Article Example She said completing a project like educating others about engineering is a source of outreach and it helps to engage the community about issues or problems in engineering. Maya does say that it is very complicated to work within a school setting but that the outcomes are very rewarding. Maya will fix an engineering problem by using educational strategies. Additionally, in educational research, experimentation is a way to gain insight into methods of instruction. Even though teaching is context-specific, results can provide a starting point for further research. Working on research not only helps to solve existing problems, but it also is challenging. For Maya, educational research primarily focuses on experimentation to gain awareness on a specific topic. Although teaching an engineering class encompasses working with specifics, research is often a preliminary stage for further study. She will go on to build new methods in research as she learns by dealing with students. She recognizes that completing research is necessary in order to solve a specific problem and may often receive attention from a large audience and additionally may often require urgent results depending on the

The Old Testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Old Testament - Essay Example However, the weakness of Principlism is revealed by oversimplifying complex issues. This is viable by those who study theology to higher levels and getting the deeper insight into the relationship of the laws in the Old and New Testament. This may reveal a contradiction in Christ statement in Mathew 5: 17 and Paul’s statement in Romans 7:6 concerning the law. The Old Testament law is known to be eternal because God constituted it to his people through Moses. Mathew 5: 17 states that â€Å"Do not think I came to abolish the law or the prophets. I didn’t come to destroy them, but to fulfill.† This text reveals that Christ came to affirm the importance of the law by giving an example in abiding by them yet he instituted it. In Romans 7: 1-6 reveals the impact of the law in man’s life without Christ. However, living in Christ makes the adherence of the laws simply because the architect of the law is the one controlling one’s life, therefore, fulfilling it in line with the requirements. In Deuteronomy 18: 9 -13 states â€Å"when you enter the land that God is about to give you, don’t learn the detestable practices†¦you must be completely faithful to the lord your God.† In this text, God reveals to me that being his then we are bound to adhere to his instruction and not be lured to those of the nations. The scripture reveals the need obedient and faithful. These are fundamental to principlism because faith in revealed through obedience.

Energy drinks Essay Example for Free

Energy drinks Essay Using Energy Drinks in Daily Routine: What Is Energy drink? An energy drink Is a drink which contains drugs that Increases levels of nervous activity in the body, mainly caffeine, which is known for its mental or physical stimulation. Energy drinks may or may not be carbonated, and contain large amounts of caffeine and other stimulants drugs, and many also contain sugar, herbal extracts and amino acids. They are sub branches of the group of energy products, which Includes bars and gels. Energy drinks comes In many brands, qualities, flavors and varieties. Positive Points: 1 . Significant amount of Improvement In mental and cognitive performances as well as increased alertness. 2. Its been suggested that the reversal of some components present in caffeine helps in leaving a good effect on mood and ones performance. 3. After many tests it is observed that in young healthy adults an energy drink significantly increased upper body muscle strength. 4. Energy drinks help in improve memory. 5. Energy drinks Improve circulation of blood In your brain, ears and eyes. 6. Many energy drink companies use fruits and herbs that are healthy (for example: berries hey protect your body cells from oxidation). Negative points: With 30 to 50 percent of teens are taking energy drinks on daily basis, there are disadvantages of drinking these drinks, especially in children and teenagers, because they cannot safely consume as much caffeine as adults can. 1 Energy drinks are very high In sugar level, containing up to 35 grams of sugar per drink, which Is above the recommended amount of sugars for women of 25 grams per day and very close to the recommended daily limit of 37. Grams per men. Consuming a lot of deed sugars Increases your risk for obesity, because added sugars provide extra calories. 2. The caffeine in energy drinks increases the speed with which the alcohol is absorbed by a body making it more likely a person will stay awake long enough to consume more alcohol than a body would otherwise be able to. 3. The risks can be lessened by sticking to the recom mended Limits, which are listed on every drink, and by controlling the consumption of energy drinks by drinking one drink In a day. Extra ingredients , like amino acids, terrine, Guarani and ginseng, are added in such small mounts that they are not likely to give any beneficial health effects or cause any negative side effects. Suggestion: 1 . For many people, occasional drinks are flee, but try your best to limit yourself to about 500 millimeters a day. If youre consistently fatigued or rundown, however, figure a better and healthier way to boost your energy. Get good sleep, include yourself physical activity in your routine, and eat a healthy food. If these things dont help, consult your doctor. Sometimes fatigue is a sign medical condition, such as hypothyroidism or anemia. Or high blood pressure, consult your doctor if energy drinks may cause complications. Pregnant women and women who are breast-feeding may want to especially limit consumption of these beverages. 3. With the growing popularity of energy drinks on daily basis, most of the parents are concerned about how much caffeine their kids are taking. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that adolescents get no more than 100 milliards of caffeine a day. Younger children shouldnt drink caffeinated beverages on a regular basis.

Market position and strategy for KRAFT FOODS INC

Market position and strategy for KRAFT FOODS INC According to Drucker, the vision answers to the question: what do we want to become?Kraft Foods Mission Statement try to describe the firms vision for the future: Helping People Around the World Eat and Live Better. The firm justifies the vision saying that this sentence captures the essence of who the firm is. It shows trough this sentence that the firm cares about customers life and needs facilitating the cook in the daily life in order to offer more time to the customers to do what they want and also to help them to easily eat in a more healthy way. According to Kraft web site: Were constantly looking for fresh ideas to improve our workplace, our partnerships, our communities and our world. To make today delicious, we begin with our consumers. We listen, we watch and we learn. What we do. We make delicious foods you can feel good about. Mission According to Drucker, the mission answers to the question: what is our business? The mission statement consists of three words according to the Kraft Foods Inc. Web site: Make today delicious. Their mission reflects who they are, just like the vision. They refuse to limit the firm to be just a business that sells food and try to meet consumers expectations and making food an easier, healthier, more enjoyable part of life. Kraft Foods underlines the importance of health and wellness and also embodies all the ways we can eat and live better, eating easily and quickly in an environment of safety thanks to the Kraft services. Values and principles: According to Krafts web site, the firm uses values and principles to communicate customers what they can expect of the brand and to demonstrate their leadership, because they want to be recognized as a leading company able to attract customers and workers through ideas like: Innovation   Satisfying real-life needs with unique ideas Quality   Fulfilling a promise to deliver the best Safety   Ensuring high standards in everything we make Respect   Caring for people, communities and the environment Integrity   Doing the right thing Openness   Listening to the ideas of others and encouraging an open dialogue They put consumers first because they want to strength the Brand Value propositions and new product innovations to drive faster top line growth. They work simply, listening to the customers, but act quickly to increase the speed and flexibility in order to reduce costs for reinvesting in making famous the brand finding the right balance between the business and the employees needs to ensure that the work environment is flexible and supportive. Strategies According to Krafts Web site, the firm seeks to become a huge snacks powerhouse  and unrivalled portfolio of brands people love, eat and buy. According to an article of News Bites US Markets, 2010: The brands of the Company span five consumer sectors: snacks, beverages, cheese, grocery and convenient meals As advised by F. David, Kraft focuses its strategy on the complementary nature the companys portfolio which is supposed to lead the brands growth: Delight global snacks consumers.   The worlds Consumers are looking for on-the-go options because they are always in late for something in work or just life. Theyre also looking for simple indulgences and healthier options, which is a paradox because people dont have time to cook in a healthy manner but they have to be healthy for the work and thin in the daily life. Thus, Kraft provides delicious snacks to these consumers, like  LU  biscuits or wellness products in order to meet their expectations. These iconic heritage brands are loved by consumers all around the world, according to a Nexis Source: Roughly 80 percent of these heritage brands hold number one or number two positions in their respective categories and are household names. In a leadership state of mind, the firm considers that, to win the market, the brand has to win on every levels of the chain: from the consumers to the suppliers. So, according to Fred David example pg 104, to succeed, the firm counts on its values (explained in the mission statement) like safety, respect or quality and especially on the fact that the brand acts like an owner, open to the discussion but who decide at the end. Through this image, Kraft also entrust the shareholders, and offers them interesting returns on their investment like: Organic revenues growth of 5 percent or moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mid- to high-teens marginsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ And EPS growth of 9 to 11 percent, according to the Kraft Foods Web site. According to F. David, Krafts Current Strategy for 2009 planned to evolve trough a turn-around process in order to follow the example of the sustainable growth. The result of the operation was that a lot of savings had been made due to the simplification of organisational structure and some closing. The external and internal audit The PESTLE Political The stability of the political environment According to K. Blanchard, 2009, the decrease in companys results is due to foreign currencies, it could also be linked to the inflation and soaring of raw material and petroleum. Local taxation Kraft in based in Switzerland, in Zoug, this area is appreciated for the low rate of taxation. For example the income tax represents less than 16% of the benefits of the company. (F. Therin, 2010) Government involved Irene Rosenfeld declared in an interview of David Lieberman in 2010, I dont think theres any indication that having the government involved will necessarily make that a more effective process or have the desired outcome. Theres ample evidence that we can in fact work together in a productive way, and thats a more effective way to address the issue. This answer illustrate that the government is neither apart from the policies of the company nor influencing strategies. Social welfare policies According to the Right vision news, 2010, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals has been buying shares for seven years and now owns a piece of at least 80 companies, including McDonalds and Kraft Foods. It hopes to influence their animal welfare policies on such things as how chickens are slaughtered or buying pork from suppliers that keep pregnant sows in small crates. That means Kraft should take social policies into consideration as it appears to be relevant in people mind and consumer behaviour. Economic Interest rate According to an article of the Business Wire, 2010, Food companies continue to seek acquisitions and organic growth, particularly in the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), to boost their overall growth rates. Proactive refinancing of upcoming debt maturities is likely to continue since companies are able to issue new debt at very low interest rates. Debt reduction is not likely except for Kraft and Ralcorp Holdings, Inc., since both companies increased leverage materially for acquisitions in 2010. Level of inflation Northfield-based Kraft and ConAgra, two big pork producers, have both raised their prices in recent months because of the market increase. Janet Kidd Stewart explains this increase in 1996 by the inflation. As a food, bakeries, and biscuits producer Kraft is very sensible to the rate of raw material, corn, milk, flour, eggs. Employment levels According to Ellen Simon, 2006, when Kraft Foods bought Nabisco, 25% department was laid off on the same day in 2004. Long term prospect In a Just Food article, 2009, The Unite union, which represents Cadbury workers in the UK and Ireland, seems to be concerned that Kraft would not sufficiently invest in the long-term prospects of the business and its brands as it looks to reduce costs to service debt. Exchange rate Adapted from what Timothy McLevish (Chief Financial Officer) said in the Earning conference call in November 2010, Kraft Foods has a very complex portfolio of currencies, which explains why they are less impacted by just a decline in the value of the dollar or an appreciation of the dollar because we have a lot of our input costs. Sociocultural Lifestyle trends In this part we have to take into account the issues of obesity, lack of sport, health, organic products, and natural medicine. According to Kristopher J. Blanchard, 2009, the rate of obesity in Canadians boys increased from 11% in 1980s to over 30% in 1990s, and from 4 to 14 in Brazil. Those trends represent an opportunity for Kraft. Demographics With the current population ageing, seniors represent a huge share of the market, they consume healthy and diet products. Unfortunately children stay the target of Krafts bakeries and biscuits. Consumerism popular attitude Kraft interest is following consumers habits and adapt their products e.g. to get concentrated on food conforming the rules of religions. Work and leisure Managers target new segments like snacks, beverages, convenient meals. This strategy fits with the sociological trend that consists in mixing time for work or leisure with meal time. That allows Kraft Foods to get concentrated into quick and healthy food containing fewer calories or more vitamins to suits to any consumers needs. (K. Blanchard, 2009) Technological Level of research In 2007, Alexis Douglas deals with the new research facility of Kraft Food based in Asia and the following strategies engendered. The research center will : serve as its regional hub for food product and development service for its Asia units include a pilot plant and packaging laboratory for testing new products and packaging materials aimed to make the research facility a center for excellence in developing beverages Environmental Environmental issue Jonathan Horrell, corporate affairs director put forward Krafts implication in environmental issue across the cycle journey, which highlights the fact that we are taking a more active attitude towards environmental issues. Ecological The sustainable strategy of Kraft began with the raw material used, the methods use to produce, the transportation and ends with the packaging and rubbish recycling. Lobbies Danny Fortson, 2010, wrote that Greenpeaces war against Golden Agri has been fierce. () Kraft Foods also said that it will no longer buy its palm oil. This can put forward the influence of Greenpeace over firms. Waste disposal Jordan Ammann, 2009, Fifteen months after its launch, Kraft Foods manufacturing plant in Bahrain is making substantial headway towards its sustainability goals. The plant has achieved reductions of 25% in energy consumption, 50% in water consumption and 16% in waste from 2008. In 2009 the plant has targeted a further 5% reduction based on its 2008 average. Legal Legal protections Due to an Equal Employment Opportunity Commissions affair in which Kraft was sued, the company has agreed to train managers on laws prohibiting age discrimination. (Reuters, 2002) Consumer laws, right to consumers products, components According to Anna May Kinney, 2008, During September 2000, Kraft Foods Inc. scrambled to recall taco shells made from StarLink corn, a type of genetically modified corn unapproved for human consumption. While its true that the EU has approved some GMO crops to be grown and sold, they have stood firm in giving their consumers the right to know what they are eating and the right to choose GMO food or non-GMO. Internet External vendors (European), attracted because of the difference in rates between the dollar and the euro Barriers to entry, low or not The initial investment necessary, entrance fees, patents already in place, standards, protectionist measures, the image Industry and established businesses, U.S are not famous for the wellness of the food, so foreign firms more famous for this type of market like Sweden or China can enter in the market. Cultural barriers, globalization help to erase barriers as food tend to become a more international fashion / trend. Porters five forces model Threat of entry  : POTENTIAL ENTREY OF NEW COMPETITORS Threat of entry  : POTENTIAL ENTREY OF NEW COMPETITORS Environmental sustainability concern Social responsibility Economic viability Many consumers are cutting back on their spending by switching to store-brand products. The power is strong when : The customers are concentrated :a lot of consumers who want he same thing: The suppliers are numerous and dispersed There are alternative sourcing ; (Conagra) The customer changes suppliers, the cost of transfer is low Conagra, same prices, nearly same products There is a threat of upstream integration from the customer. Suppliers  : BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS Rivalry  among competing firms 1st competitor: Nestlà © with international sales whereas Kraft only sales in North America (CON AGRA in the U.S market) HEINZ SARA LEE Restaurant, vending machines, foodservice providers, are competitors too, even if the brand is not strong/famous. (alternative competitors) Weakness: Krafts dont produce beauty or others types of products like Nestlà © or Conagra, whose are diversified (beauty , petcare, ethanol) Changes appareas in the competitors strategy => Conagra focuses now on food, stop ethanol and fertilizer,this is a new threat because Conagra will be even more competitive in the exactly same market. New CEO since 2005 for Conagra, GARY RODKIN, new force =>like a competitive advantage as a rival to ROSENFELD. Foreign rivals: monopoly con Conagra in the U.S but competitors also outside of the country , moreover, the $ become increasingly high which is not good for the market because external products could be seen as cheaper . The high price of petrol which up the value of raw material, give strengh to the suppliers =>bad thing for the industry which have to face a loss. A low number of suppliers : a strong brand Very speficic / diferenciated products are facts that increases the price of the change of suppliers, so increases the suppliers power too. Buyers  : BARGAINING POWER OF CONSUMERS Substitutes  : POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS Wellness  and health / obesity Generic produces Retailer brands Wholesalers Cooperatives When the prices are increasing good for the subsitute because it will be more attactive. Porters value chain The support activities Profit MarginAdministration means infrastructure(leadership and management)and concerns the important persons of the structure Human Resources management concerns the decisions made concerning employees Technology development concerns the efforts and money invested for the future of the firm Resource procurement concerns the manner to find a product and supply the firm. According to Fred David, this kind of organisation can be explained by the fact that it took time and efforts to follow the Phillip Morris plans, the firm had to know several changes, for example, the New CEO since June 2006 in Irene Rosenfeld which embodies the beginning of the chances in the firm and she is now the chairman of the Board. This change is relevant because she embodies the head of the firm with her position. Thus, the management team is divided into 10 parts. The primary activities Inbound logistics Operation Outbound logistics Marketing sales Services (Kraf Food Inc, 2009) The primary activities help the support activities to make their completion easier, like for example: Inbound logistics The Technology development managed by the segment of Jean Spence can help the Inbound Logistic by finding new raw material, or, according to the Kraft Munich website, improve new products like in Munich, the responsible for Product and Process development where food, Refreshment Beverages, Salted Snacks, Confectionery, Biscuits are always improved; or discovering an alternative to the problem of the rising price of petroleum which increases the cost of the raw materials and also the cost of transportation. Operation Human Resources managed by Karen May can help the Operations establishing a climate of trust and respect between employees in order not to slow down the production or avoiding the sicki effect of a bad climate at work. Outbound logistics The Resource procurement can helps the Outbound logistics negotiating new or more advantageous contracts, for example group rates can be an idea if several subsidiaries like Oreo, Lu etc will be delivered by the same transports firm. Marketing sales In order to be proactive address the evolution of trends like the dining out trend or health food trend, vitamined drinks trend against the obesity, marketing can be supported by the technology development to develop new products or to help selling these products with the internet, because attracting web sites with games for subsidiaries like Oreo and The recipe Box for Kraft itself help the brand to be more human to sale more. Also, according to a News Bites US Markets document of 2010: thanks to the companys annual week of community service (Delicious Difference Week) organized by the Human Resource segment, Krafts employees were a record numbers to participate as volunteers to help the nonprofit project. This kind of action help the marketing and sale segment showing to the customers how social responsibly the firm is. Services The Services segment Focus on the reputation and perceived value among the consumers, thus, the administration can be helpful taking the crucial decisions they have to be respectful, reasonable and ethic. According to F. David example pg 109, customers want the firm to understand them and accept the social responsibility, thus, when the board temporarily shut down because of a risk of contamination, this action reinsure the consumer, enhance the positive image of the brand and support the Service segment. Trough the web site, Kraft tries to come closer to the customers culture and social identity, to show that as the people, the brand is able to evolve and be concerned by the environmental problems. Internal strengths A developed Strategy followed and understood by the employee, whereas Conagra has a vision, but no strategy and depends on operating companies and functional silos which is really risked and it lacks of internal cohesion. So, more segmentation and prioritization than the competitors. A developed Human resource management segment which aloud trust between employees firm with some concepts like: Policy of non discrimination , responsibility Community Involvement Compliance and Integrity People and Diversity Workplace Safety This climate of respect and trust give to the employees the will to work well and to be the height of the firms expectations. A good and dynamic CEO /Chairman which has chosen a good organization and repartition of the support activities. According to elements of the Krafts web site, Mrs. Rosenfeld also helps to improve the corporate Reputation and Responsibility of the firm and thus aloud the firm to receive some prize like: Worlds Most Respected Companies, Reputation Institute 2009 (third consecutive year) Corporate Reputation Top 10 (Canada), Marketing magazine 2009 (second consecutive year) Ozone Layer Protection Award, US Environmental Protection Agency 2009 Banksia Foundation Agriculture and Food Award for sustainability practices, (Australia) 2009 The New York Academy of Medicine awarded Kraft Foods for our long-standing commitment to health and wellness(2009) Adapted from http://www.zonebourse.com/KRAFT-FOODS-A-13256/actualite-analyse/Un-spin-off-a-surveiller-18414/ : International and Tough brands (Cà ´te dOr, Toblerone, Milka, Maxwell, Carte Noire, Tang, Jacques Vabre) Strong advertisement trough years help Krafts food to maintain the competitive advantage: According to F. Davids historic introduction of the firm, A key to the success of Kraft Foods was James Krafts commitment to using innovative advertising methods. Now, this is steel an asset according to an article from the Lab Business Week, 2008: The Krafts Director of Global Interactive Marketing has leaded some of the world most successful and awarded digital branding campaigns for the likes Altoids, Oreo or Planters. Because of this success the advertising industry has recognized Krafts accomplishment prestigious awards like Gold and Bronze Clio Awards(C), a Webby Award, Silver and Bronze One Show Pencils(R), a Gold EFFIE(R), a Silver ADDY(R), an ANDY Award, and a Cannes Lions. Internal weaknesses A low growth market and the impact of the commodity prices (milk, coffee, cocoa) which made the firm less competitive according to Fred David. The fact that Kraft is a young firm in comparison with the main competitors like ConAgra which was built over several decades and which had made numerous acquisitions. Kraft on the international as a negligible impact in comparison with world competitors like Nestlà ©. More, according to F. David, Kraft is just a food company which is not a competitive advantage in the world market. Strategic capability Because of the current economic conditions, F. David said that some analysts criticized Rosenfeld managerial approach because of the 2008 compensation, however, 2009 results show that she made the good choice. In 2009 the net revenues of the company has soared compared with previous years. Despite the increase of the cost of sales that can be due to the inflation rates, the gross profit is better. To keep and maintain the competitive advantage and moving forward, the firm has to  focus on the coordination. The problem here is that we can notice a lack of connexion between Kraft Foods Europe, Kraft International and Kraft North America. Even if the fact that the support activities are all bounded together is positive, this kind of grouping seems irrelevant if the company is regarded like two separate entities like North America Versus International and not like a single entity. The objectives The generic strategy and competitive advantage Bowmans clock Denise Dollimore, 2010, Slide Business Strategy Generally speaking Kraft Foods is a producer of high value products (organic, healthy and specified). The company is not involved in any low cost strategy. All the brands are well-known and considered as the top of the product on the market. According to Browmans clock the firm is focused on diversification and differentiation. To get concentrated on this diversification Irene Rosenfeld agreed to modify firms strategy, by simplifying the organizational structure. In 2009, savings have been realized, nevertheless it can also be explained by the closing of 36 plants and 19000 positions have been eliminated. Adapted from Kraft Foods Inc., K. Blanchard, 2009. Michael Czinkota, 2010, One can look at Kraft Foods Inc.s recent acquisition of Cadbury PLC as evidence of a U.S. companys recognition that it needs to build both market share and management strength to be successful in global markets. In 2006, approximately one-third of Krafts revenues came from outside North America. Cadbury boosts the international share of the combined companys business more than 50 percent. Otherwise, this strategy illustrates that Kraft intend to differentiate its products and markets to maintain its international presence. We believe scale will be an increasing source of competitive advantage in both the confectionery category and the global food business as a whole, said Rosenfeld, in 2010, who pointed out that the tie-up will allow Kraft to become the worlds leading confectionery company with a market share of 14.8%. (Andrew Clark, 2010) The assess of the strategy As advised by Fred David (108-109), referring to the customer issue, more people are dining out which may adversely affect Kraft Foods as a grocery retailer. Further caused by mobile customers there is less time for preparation of food and therefore declining customer demand. Also the development of health foods e.g. products containing less trans fat or only organic ingredients could be a challenge for the company although Kraft Foods touched on this area in recent years. Whereas there is a paradox between the steady growths of packaged and processed foods because of less time and high demand for healthy foods which is mostly to class with homemade foods. Customers today view food as an expression of their cultural and social identity and therefore asking a lot more from producers than just good quality. David is still talking about that this attitude causes to pay more attention to branding than quality because it can transfer a more emotional positioning, understand your environment and customers unique needs and taste, depending on their culture. Moreover, competition is increasing because the market is attractive and has potential such as the increase of bargain stores or trademarks (Aldi). Therefore it is difficult for Kraft Foods to raise their prices. Further there are strategic issues in the supply chain such as cost efficiency matter. When the costs of petroleum are rising it causes an increase in raw material costs and hence rising production and transportation costs. Furthermore, corporate and brand reputation of a company are gaining more and more in importance which causes raising competition as well. One more strategic issue could be the economic crisis which affects the consumer to spend less money than usually. The issues of rising prices, increasing competition and customers are willing to spend less but want more in health, cultural and social identity cases are difficult to solve. The solution could be to use synergies and identify cost drivers for higher cost efficiency. While offering diverse products, with strong branding fulfilling customer demand and differentiate from competition. Also keeping the brand reputation high by ensuring food safety programs are applied could be a possible approach. The SWOT Matrix of KRAFT FOODS INC. Strengths According to Datamonitor (2010) Kraft Foods has a strong brand image and diversified product portfolio. Additionally, it operates in domestic and international markets. His well recognized brands with operations encompassing five core divisions include snacks with 37.2% of the total revenues during 2009, beverages with 19.9%, grocery with 10.1%, cheese with 16.8% and convenient meals with 16%. Replication of its brands is very difficult and only a few firms are able to imitate these. To maintain market leadership position needs launching new products with innovative ingredients. The brand Alpen Gold is very popular and leading chocolate brands in Russia. Kraft Foods pays a great importance to research and development (RD). The RD is rising year after year and reached in FY2009 an expense of $499 million. In addition the company has about 2400 food scientists, chemists and engineers. Therefore RD supports to maintain a strong market position. According to Datamonitor (2009) Kraft Foods has 316 distribution centers and depots worldwide, 303 in North America and 13 outside America in eight countries. Thereby company ´s multi-category distribution and consumer awareness are its major strengths. This boosts the selling efforts through three principal sets of activities: consumer advertising in broadcast, prints, outdoor and on-line media; consumer incentives such as coupons and contests; and trade promotions for supporting price features, displays and other merchandising. Kraft Foods has two distinct distribution operations as follows: warehouse delivery and direct store delivery. This important strength qualifies the company to manage its inventory in a powerful manner. Weaknesses Refer Datamonitor (2009) Product recalling could be one of Kraft ´s weaknesses which were noticed particularly in march 2009. The voluntary recall in the United States of Planters and Back to Nature products containing pistachio nuts is the latest one. The reason was the potential to be contaminated with the Salmonella organism which can cause serious infections. Kraft Foods operating margins, net margin and net profit margin is decreasing in spite of an increase in revenues since FY2006. Further company ´s operating profit fell from $4,154 million in FY2006 to $3,817 million in FY2008. The reasons for the declining include increase in input costs primarily related to higher raw material cost, unrealized losses in hedging activities, to energy derivates heating oil and natural gas contracts. Kraft Foods decreasing margins caused by inefficient cost structure could be a pressure on the company ´s future financial plans. Refer Datamonitor (2010) additionally unfunded post retirement benefits would cause making periodic cash contributions which would reduce cash available for growth plans. Also because of the Cadbury acquisition Kraft Foods debt burden has increased from $5,556 million to $18, 990 million EBITDA. The increasing debt ratio will be a concern for the company ´s solvency and liquidity position. Opportunities Refer Datamonitor (2010) Kraft Foods new line of low-fat products causes to strengthen the market position of the company. The increased preference for fat-free and healthy food products in the United States drive Kraft Foods tapping into people ´s growing health and wellness concerns by its developing the nutritional profile of its snacks portfolio. For instance, introducing whole-grain versions of snacks, eliminating trans-fat in most of its products, reformulating fat-free cookies (e.g. launching low-fat Oreo) are remarkable opportunities. Moreover the company has four key opportunity areas that meet consumer needs such as weight management, nutrient delivery, performance nutrition, and natural and organic Reducing the sodium in many of his products, launching the South Beach Living line in the US. According to Datamonitor (2010) Kraft Foods tries to strengthen its portfolio recently through acquisitions and divestitures such as the flavored water and juice brand assets and similar trademarks. Furthermore, the company decided to sell the Artiach biscuits business in Spain to Panrico which caused an ongoing focus in Spain to grow its portfolio. (Source 1 Datamonitor) Moreover the US coffee sector grew in the recent years and accounts for 70.8% of the total US drinks. K

Effects of gambling

Effects of gambling GAMBLING During peoples life, they develop empirical knowledge about many things. Knowing is the power that everyone has to decide which information is right or wrong to face big challenges and succeed when taking the decisions. All possibilities in this life might be good within the constraints; however, when people take themselves to an abusive level of necessity, it becomes dangerous for them and all those surround them. Gambling has a number of negative effects that distinguish it from other challenging activities; some of these issues are: addictions, family problems and bankruptcy. Firstly, gambling is apparently an entertainment industry where many end up being innocent victims of addictions such as alcoholism and lies. Society should be able to resolve its problems without depending on external agents, but people have point breaks. Because casinos provide free alcohol to their customers, they could easily get alcohol problems; while gamblers spend money on their bets, they are drinking alcohol. For example, if you are not a consumer of alcohol in exercise, it does easier to enter the spirit world, but those who are heavy drinkers it increases their addiction. Furthermore, compulsive gamblers usually tell lies because they seek to hide their gamble habits; they begin to distort their actions to their partners, friends and even at work. For instance, sometimes bettors gamble in secret, or they do not tell how much time or money they spend; instead, they often create stories to try to justify their activities. Gamblers believe on fake hopes that they will surpri se themselves with a big win some day. Compulsive Gambling can be addicted to the adventure of the risk. An addictive gambler is anxious of winning and will tend to play with games that involve other players, so they can feel the adrenaline rush. In addition, gambling brings family problems because gaming causes emotional issues, and it has an impact on children. Whether bettors have just discovered a gambling problem, or they have been living with it for a period; they may feel destroyed by the magnitude of the problem. For example, if gamblers have feelings of desperation, they feel like their assumptions are consumed by the problem they are dealing. They might handle that they need to separate from their couple at least for a period of time. Emotions of this nature are common when they are approaching the complex issues that emerge as a result of a gambling problem. Moreover, being a person with gambling issues at home can affect children in many ways. For example, gamblers spend less time with their families is due to they invest a lot of time in casinos; therefore, children think that they parents do not love them anymore. These troubles can leave a family feeling frustrated and even worse if the gamblers are fighting ov er money. It can frighten the relationship. If the family is the core of the society, gambling for any reason could harm the family members because in the family people acquire respect for a moral values in the society. Another negative effect of gambling is a financial crisis; many gamblers accumulate thousands of dollars of debt without knowing. Borrowing money and selling personal items to gamble are signs of aggravated indebtedness. First, Acquiring money from banks and credit cards with the hopes that they can win back their losses is just a way to create long term financial issues for both players and family. For example, while Antonys wife is fast asleep, Antony spends hours in front of the computer gambling online; authorizing automatic withdraws from his bank accounts and credit cards. They are behind on bills, and the couple gets threatening calls from collection agents on past loans. Thus, his annoyed wife finds that the online gambling losses are the cause that add up to hundreds of dollars a month. Gamblers often say that they do not know where the money is going if they really do not spend too much. Second, Family investments usually are diminished because the gambler seeks more and mo re resources with which to gamble. For example, a gambler who manages the family finances could liquidate the all familys properties such as: houses, cars, etc theses possessions may be faded or lost. Consequently, individual beliefs might change when they face beyond their limit, trying to get back their losses. In conclusion, the effects of compulsive gambling are almost immediately overwhelming; gambling can result in uncontrolled cravings, family troubles and economic crisis. Because some people have a low self-esteem they believe that they are not in control of their actions and emotions. Leaders thoughts are developed on these false ideas; hence, gambling seeks to control gamblers life. Gambling can leave players with devastating effects; as a result, governments can find many solutions the problem associated with gambling. For example, taking an allowance of the gambling revenues and putting it towards rehabilitation programs would be a very positive charity from gambling. For these reasons, governments should find a way to make gambling safer. Academic Written Communication Level 4 3 Cause effect draft 2 Gambling Ricardo Estrada March 1st 2010 ELS 5880547 Helene Bindseil Conestoga College, Kitchener, Ontario

My Teaching Philosophy :: Philosophy of Teaching Education Teachers Essays

My Teaching Philosophy As defined by Webster, to educate is "to supervise mental or moral growth." But when one gets to the core of the word it is more important to society. Without education, society as a whole would gradually fall apart. My goal in life is to relay knowledge to my students to help them become productive citizens. Several philosophers have laid paths, or guidelines, for producing these citizens. One in particular stands out in my eyes. Rousseau. Rousseau and I both agree that the majority of people have the same intelligence. The difference is work ethic and the ability of an effective teacher to teach material to students. In my work with children I have learned very important lessons about patience, trust, and communication. I believe these to be necessary teaching skills. Because of this, I believe I now know the most efficient way to approach and reach a child. Rousseau believed that the school environment should be an environment where students learn to respect themselves and respect others. The knowledge taught should allow students to think and act independently. I want to arm my students with this ability. A second aspect is the students should find out who they really are and improve upon themselves however they deem necessary, If knowledge wasn't passed down and mastered, our society would spiral downward. That's why I have chosen teaching as my proud profession. Through this profession I hope to teach my students to enjoy not only life in general, but also make sure they take full advantage of each and every opportunity that comes their way. I want to reach kids, to let them know that I'm not just a teacher, but a friend as well. Too many teachers have fallen out of touch with hoe to relate to students. I refuse to teach lessons only about the classroom, I will teach them lessons about life as well. When I look back now at what life has taught me, 90 percent of these things my parents tried to beat into my head. The experiences that life teaches us can be passed on as easily as addition or anatomy.

The Great Depression Essay -- Economics Finance History Economy Essays

The Great Depression The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. There were a few main areas of focus during the Great Depression. The key areas were the Crash of the Stock Market, Unemployment Rate, the effect on the rest of the world, World War II and our political out look and the way different countries handle themselves today. The Great Depression was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world. Though the U.S. economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929, when President Hoover came in office. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 they had dropped to only about 20 percent of their value in 1929 (www.english.uiuc.edu). Some of the stock figures I received from (www.huppi.com) indicate the changes of the Gross National Product from 1930 until 1939. The Gross National Product, or GNP, for 1930 had a negative change of 9.4 percent. In 1931, the GNP continued to decline another 8.5 percent. In 1932 it dropped another 13.4 percent and continued to drop 2.1 percent in 1933. In 1934 the GNP made a turn for the better and started to increase by 7.7 percent and continued to rise in 1935 with an increase of 8.1 percent. During 1936 and 1937 the GNP rose for a combined amoun t of 19.1 percent but do to the beginning of recession in 1938 it had a drop of 4.5 percent. Once Recession ended the GNP went up 7.9 percent in 1939. (Www.english.uiuc.edu) tells us that besides ruining many thousands of individual investors, this precipitous decline in the value of assets greatly strained banks and other financial institutions, particularly those holding stocks in their portfolios. Many banks were consequently forced into insolvency; by 1933, 11,000 of the United States' 25,000 banks had failed. The failure of so many banks, combined with a general and nationwide loss of confidence in the economy, led to much-reduced levels of spending and demand and hence of production, thus aggravating the downward spiral. â€Å"The result was drastically falling output and drastically rising unemployment; ... ...its were contracting it; The Fed's inaction was the reason why the initial recession turned into a prolonged depression; The economy continually sank throughout Hoover's entire term. Under Roosevelt's New Deal, it rose five out of seven years. Attempts to blame Big Government for the Depression do not withstand serious scrutiny; The Smoot-Hawley Tariff had a minor impact because trade formed only 6 percent of the U.S. economy, and reducing trade gave Americans only that much more money to spend domestically. Hoover's other attempts at government intervention came mostly during his last year in office, when the Depression was already at its depth; The first nations to come out of the Great Depression were Sweden, Germany, Great Britain, and then everyone else did so after they adopted the Keynesian solution of heavy deficit government spending and the Keynesian economic policies have eliminated the depression from the world's economies in the six decades that have followed. Works Cited WWW.huppi.com WWW.english.uiuc.edu Nelson Cary Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War Oxford, New York 1999 Oxford University Press   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Global Outsourcing of American Products and Services Essay -- Globaliz

Global Outsourcing of American Products and Services   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Global outsourcing of American products and services is a trend that is becoming increasingly popular with large corporations. For the same services provided in the United States, corporations are finding quality work in other countries for a fraction of the cost. The country currently at the forefront of this trend is India. This paper will discuss companies that outsource business to foreign countries and also why they are chose to. The ethical implications to both countries in these situations will also be discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many corporations are experiencing significant cost savings by outsourcing work to developing countries across the globe. Some advantages of global outsourcing are: technically skilled, inexpensive labor; multi-lingual workforce; potential 24/7 global tech support; global prestige; local market access advantages; lower duties and tariffs; low cost delivery; and after sales service. (http://www.wsa1.org) â€Å"Developing nations†¦benefit by providing local viable careers for their educated populations, attracting foreign investments in their infrastructure, and a general increase in the standard of living.† (http://cseserv.engr.scu.edu) These advantages make a strong case for outsourcing, but there are many disadvantages that are being discounted or overlooked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some disadvantages noted by corporations are: political risk; loss of quality control over manufacturing, brand, and support; misrepresentation of the company; IPR concerns; brand management; channel conflict (gray market, territory); stricter labor laws; bribery and kickback pressure; and productivity. (http://www.wsa1.org) There is also the possibility of a negative impact to the American job market. Issues surrounding this impact to our job market are not frequently mentioned during discussions about whether or not to send business overseas. Finally, there are many ethical questions and dilemmas involved with these decisions. These ethical dilemmas affect individuals in America as well as those in the overseas countries. In spite of these disadvantages, many major corporations have decided to outsource to foreign countries, indicating that the advantages are worth the risk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several corporations have already experience... ...e Web. Call Center India (November 19, 2003); More U.S. Jobs, especially in Call Centers, headed for India, http://callcenterinindia.blogspot.com/ Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Ranjit Shastri (October 6, 2003); An Overview of India’s Call Center Industry, http://www.tmcnet.com/tmcnet/articles/2003/100603rs.htm Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Ronil Hira (October 20, 2003); Testimony to the Committee on Small Business, http://www.ieeeusa.org/forum/POLICY/2003/102003.html Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Nicholson & Sahay (November, 2001); Some political and cultural issues in the globilisation of software development: case experience from Britain and India, http://les1.man.ac.uk/accounting/Staff/Academic/B_Nicholson/I&Opapernicholson_sahay.pdf Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. CIO.com (June 5, 2003); Global Outsourcing and L-1 Visas, http://comment.cio.com/ Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web. Walter Williams (2003); Minimum Wage Tip-Off, http://www.washtimes.com/commentary/20031114-081940-9148r.htm Retrieved on November 25, 2003 from the World Wide Web.

A Study on the Effects and Treatment

Alcohol related mishaps and accidents remain the largest concern of society and in response to this more and more sectors of society have been implementing rules to curb the negative effects of teenage drinking.   There is no doubt that society has seen the negative consequences of teenage drinking.In a national probability sample of 4,023 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17, it was found that 15% of the sample used alcohol, 10% used marijuana, and 2% reported hard drug use in the past year (Farrell, 2006, p 284)).   This means that the problem of underage or teenage drinking is even more prevalent than other substances.Although some alcohol consumption among adolescents is considered normative, there is great concern for the number of teens who are exhibiting signs of alcohol abuse or dependence with 7% of the above sample meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol, marijuana, or hard drug abuse or dependence.Trends in alcohol use reported in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey in dicate that binge drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion during the 30 days prior to the survey) has shown little variation over the past several years, ranging from 31.3% in 1991 to 33.4% in 1997 to 31.5% in 1999 (Eaton, 2005, p. 79).Drinking continues to be a problem among youth and needs to be targeted specifically.   This drinking problem has led to a number of problems such school absenteeism and failure, depression, risky behaviors (especially driving under the influence), addiction, and death.This brief discourse, shall tackle the issue of alcohol abuse in teenagers as well as the possible treatments that can be done.   It shall also provide an etiological perspective of the problem in order to show the different factors that affect teenage alcoholism.Working as a school counselor for this age group, I agree with the American Academy of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry’s Report (2007) which states that the following groups are most at risk for alcohol abuse: 1) teenagers with a family history of addiction, 2) teenagers suffering from depression, 3) teenagers suffering with low self-esteem, and 4) teenagers that have academic problems.It has been shown that from the following groups the teenagers with a history of alcohol have higher rates of alcohol addiction with over 42% of the sample size coming from that background.The next group is that of those who were drinking because they were upset with a rate of 40% while the rest admitted that they usually drink because of low self-esteem and peer pressure which accounts for 25% of the teenagers (Farrell, 2006, p.284).   The number of teenagers that drink due to academic problems has steadily been on the rise since 1998 and is now at a rate of 25% of the teenagers.   From the list, one could argue that most teenagers have been in one or more of its categories at one time in their lives.Etiological Approach:The article, Etiology of Alcoholism Reconsidered, is an insightful article that p rovides a biophysical analysis of the problem.   Alcohol related mishaps and accidents remain the largest concern of society and in response to this more and more sectors of society have been taking steps to understand the nature of the problem.   One such approach is the biophysical approach conducted by Vailliant and Milofsky on the Etiological Approach to Alcoholism.It is theorized in the study conducted by Vailliant and Milofsky that there are other factors that must be considered when studying the problem of alcoholism.   According to the authors, there are personality and childhood influences that must be examined in order to arrive at a better understanding of the problem.In the study conducted, Vailliant and Milofsky studied many different factors and collected different types of date including ethnicity, heredity, psychological instability, childhood and adult personality variables, and family background (Vailliant and Milofsky, 1982, p43).   The data that was colle cted from all of this was then used to quantify the variance of each of the different etiological factors.It was from the data analytic strategy that Vailliant and Milofsky were able to draw the conclusion that whenever there are correlations that exist between alcoholism and certain behavioral patterns or symptoms, it is usually alcoholism that is the cause of such behavior or symptom rather than it being the result (Vailliant and Milofsky, 1982, p483).Alcoholism is, according to the authors, not so much a disorder whose etiological causes are personality and behavior but rather, it is a precedent for such behaviors.   It was also noted from the study that â€Å"premorbid antisocial behavior† is a major contributor to the etiology of alcoholism.Another important finding in the article is the fact that while Vailliant and Milofsky greatly downplayed the role of child antisocial behavior, it played a significant role in most of the categories.As with the other etiological fa ctors, it has been shown that there are correlations that have been overlooked or underrepresented in the study conducted by Vailliant and Milofsky.   As such, this has led to the theory of Zucker that in order for there to be an accurate etiological study, there must be a study that is conducted over â€Å"developmental time† and inclusive of â€Å"different levels of data† since it is only through this process that a proper understanding can be arrived at (Zucker 1986).There are, however, still certain researchers who argue that this study was not significant in that it failed to account for certain factors or relationships such as that of antisocial behavior and personality factors which was thought to be underestimated in the study.   This does not detract, however, that the study process used presented an angle that was quantifiable and perhaps accurate of the etiology of alcoholism.